Hi Everybody!!
I know because a crow told me so.
I had company today-a couple of old crows. From their travels they have obtained some
unbelievable information on the Chemtrails we are seeing in the skies today.
This may be true, but You never know as it is told by a crow. I will look into this further and You may
want to research also. So I bring this
to You as a ‘heads up’ as opposed to an ‘alert’. Crows are known to be among
the smartest of birds, they like shiny things and they can hang around unsavory
characters at the garbage dumps. Crowbar told me they had been down to the
docks of an Aluminum Plant at the recycled can dump when they over heard a
conversation. If this turns out to be true, You could soon be arrested for the
air You breathe. Apparently, new studies
show that too much sniffing of chemtrail dust causes idiot and stupid traits in
humans to magnify and could impair driving. I guess if you sit on the couch and
watch T V, you could be safe. If,
however, You venture outside you could inhale too much dust, making it unsafe
to others for You to be driving on the road. I heard there is going to be a ban
on owning motor vehicles in an attempt to keep idiots off the road. As this may
take awhile to implement, the authorities have decided to make this powder a
controlled toxic substance. A simple breath test will reveal if your body has
illegal limits of this (now illegal) white powder. For now, the best advice I
can offer You is not to Breathe. (More Later).
File:Oxid hlinitý.PNG
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This work has been released into the public domain by its author, I, Ondřej Mangl. This applies worldwide. In some countries this may not be legally possible; if so: I, Ondřej Mangl grants anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_oxide
Aluminium oxide
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Identifiers |
---|
CAS number | 1344-28-1 |
PubChem | 9989226 |
ChemSpider | 8164808 |
UNII | LMI26O6933 |
RTECS number | BD120000 |
ATC code | D10 |
Jmol-3D images | Image 1 Image 2 |
Properties | |
---|---|
Molecular formula | Al2O3 |
Molar mass | 101.96 g mol−1 |
Appearance | white solid |
Odor | odorless |
Density | 3.95–4.1 g/cm3 |
Melting point |
2,072 °C (3,762 °F; 2,345 K)[2]
|
Boiling point |
2,977 °C (5,391 °F; 3,250 K)[3]
|
Solubility inwater | insoluble |
Solubility | insoluble in diethyl ether practically insoluble in ethanol |
Thermal conductivity | 30 W·m−1·K−1[1] |
Refractive index(nD) | nω=1.768–1.772 nε=1.760–1.763 Birefringence 0.008 |
Structure | |
---|---|
Crystal structure | Trigonal, hR30, space group = R3c, No. 167 |
Coordination geometry | octahedral |
Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of formationΔfH | −1675.7 kJ·mol−1[4] |
Standard molar entropy S | 50.92 J·mol−1·K−1[4] |
Hazards | |
MSDS | External MSDS |
EU classification | Not listed. |
NFPA 704 | |
Flash point | non-flammable |
Related compounds | |
Other anions | aluminium hydroxide |
Other cations | boron trioxide gallium oxide indium oxide thallium oxide |
Supplementary data page | |
Structure and properties | n, εr, etc. |
Thermodynamic data | Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas |
Spectral data | UV, IR, NMR, MS |
Natural occurrence
Corundum is the most common naturally occurring crystalline form of aluminium oxide. Rubies and sapphiresare gem-quality forms of corundum, which owe their characteristic colors to trace impurities. Rubies are given their characteristic deep red color and their laser qualities by traces of chromium. Sapphires come in different colors given by various other impurities, such as iron and titanium.
Properties
Al2O3 is an electrical insulator but has a relatively high thermal conductivity (30 Wm−1K−1[1]) for a ceramic material. Aluminium oxide is completely insoluble in water. In its most commonly occurring crystalline form, called corundum or α-aluminium oxide, its hardness makes it suitable for use as an abrasive and as a component in cutting tools.[5]
Aluminium oxide is responsible for the resistance of metallic aluminium to weathering. Metallic aluminium is very reactive with atmospheric oxygen, and a thin passivation layer of aluminium oxide (4 nm thickness) forms on any exposed aluminium surface.[6] This layer protects the metal from further oxidation. The thickness and properties of this oxide layer can be enhanced using a process called anodising. A number of alloys, such as aluminium bronzes, exploit this property by including a proportion of aluminium in the alloy to enhance corrosion resistance. The aluminium oxide generated by anodising is typically amorphous, but discharge assisted oxidation processes such as plasma electrolytic oxidation result in a significant proportion of crystalline aluminium oxide in the coating, enhancing its hardness.
Aluminium oxide was taken off the United States Environmental Protection Agency's chemicals lists in 1988. Aluminium oxide is on EPA's Toxics Release Inventory list if it is a fibrous form.[7]
[edit]Amphoteric nature
Aluminium oxide is an amphoteric substance, meaning it can react with both acids and bases, such ashydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, acting as an acid with a base and a base with an acid, neutralising the other and producing a salt.
- Al2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2O
- Al2O3 + 6 NaOH + 3 H2O → 2 Na3Al(OH)6 (sodium aluminate)
Production
Aluminium hydroxide minerals are the main component of bauxite, the principal ore of aluminium. A mixture of the minerals comprise bauxite ore, including gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)), and diaspore (α-AlO(OH)), along with impurities of iron oxides and hydroxides, quartz and clay minerals.[12] Bauxites are found in laterites. Bauxite is purified by the Bayer process:
- Al2O3 + 3 H2O → 2 Al(OH)3
Except for SiO2, the other components of bauxite do not dissolve in base. Upon filtering the basic mixture, Fe2O3 is removed. When the Bayer liquor is cooled, Al(OH)3 precipitates, leaving the silicates in solution. The solid is then calcined (heated strongly) to give aluminium oxide:[5]
- 2 Al(OH)3 → Al2O3 + 3 H2O
The product aluminium oxide tends to be multi-phase, i.e., consisting of several phases of aluminium oxide rather than solely corundum.[8] The production process can therefore be optimized to produce a tailored product. The type of phases present affects, for example, the solubility and pore structure of the aluminium oxide product which, in turn, affects the cost of aluminium production and pollution control.[8]
For its application as an electrical insulator in integrated circuits, where conformal growth of thin film is a prerequisite and the preferred growth mode is atomic layer deposition, Al2O3 films were prepared by the chemical exchange between trimethylaluminum Al(CH 3)3 and H2O [13]
2Al(CH 3)3 + 3 H2O → Al2O3 + 6 CH4
H2O in the above reaction was subsequently replaced by ozone (O3) as the active oxidant and the following reaction takes place [14][15]
2Al(CH 3)3 + O3 → Al2O3 + 3C2H6
The Al2O3 films prepared using O3 show 1-2 order lower leakage current density compared with those prepared by H2O.
Known as alundum (in fused form) or aloxite[16] in the mining, ceramic, and materials science communities, aluminium oxide finds wide use. Annual world production of aluminium oxide is approximately 45 million tonnes, over 90% of which is used in the manufacture of aluminium metal.[5] The major uses of specialty aluminium oxides are in refractories, ceramics, and polishing and abrasive applications. Large tonnages are also used in the manufacture ofzeolites, coating titania pigments, and as a fire retardant/smoke suppressant.
From Dusk to Denny's
Published on Feb 3, 2013
On the road again! I am so amazed at the amount of spraying the jets are doing. You can see in the dimming sunlight, how the streaks and stripes are concentrated by the sun. Somebody is spending alot of money day after day all around the world putting these jets in our sky. It is NOT in your best interest or mine. Why are WE being dusted?
|
Of course, one more great performance:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8xC-RQ1W3g
O+O
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