The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the BP oil spill, the BP oil disaster, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, and the Macondo blowout)[5][6] is an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico which flowed unabated for three months in 2010, and may be continuing to seep.[7][8] It is the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry.[9][10][11] The spill stemmed from a sea-floor oil gusher that resulted from the 20 April 2010 explosion of Deepwater Horizon, which drilled on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect. The explosion killed 11 men working on the platform and injured 17 others.[12] On 15 July 2010, the gushing wellhead was capped,[13] after it had released about 4.9 million barrels (780,000 m3) of crude oil.[3] An estimated 53,000 barrels per day (8,400 m3/d) escaped from the well just before it was capped.[11] It is believed that the daily flow rate diminished over time, starting at about 62,000 barrels per day (9,900 m3/d) and decreasing as the reservoir of hydrocarbons feeding the gusher was gradually depleted.[11] On 19 September 2010, the relief well process was successfully completed, and the federal government declared the well "effectively dead".[14] In August 2011, oil and oil sheen covering several square miles of water were reported surfacing not far from BP’s Macondo well.[15] Scientific analysis confirmed the oil is a chemical match for Macondo 252.[16][17]The Coast Guard said the oil was too dispersed to recover.[18] In March 2012, a "persistent oil seep"[19] near the Macondo 252 well was reported.[7]
The spill caused extensive damage to marine and wildlife habitats and to the Gulf's fishingand tourism industries.[20][21] Skimmer ships, floating containment booms, anchored barriers, sand-filled barricades along shorelines, and dispersants were used in an attempt to protect hundreds of miles of beaches, wetlands, and estuaries from the spreading oil. Scientists also reported immense underwater plumes of dissolved oil not visible at the surface[22] as well as an 80-square-mile (210 km²) "kill zone" surrounding the blown well.[23] In late November 2010, 4,200 square miles (11,000 km²) of the Gulf were re-closed to shrimping after tar balls were found in shrimpers' nets.[24] The amount of Louisiana shoreline affected by oil grew from 287 miles (462 km) in July to 320 miles (510 km) in late November 2010.[25] In January 2011, an oil spill commissioner reported that tar balls continue to wash up, oil sheen trails are seen in the wake of fishing boats, wetlands marsh grass remains fouled and dying, and crude oil lies offshore in deep water and in fine silts and sands onshore.[26] A research team found oil on the bottom of the seafloor in late February 2011 that did not seem to be degrading.[27] On 26 May 2011, the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality extended the state of emergency related to the oil spill.[28] By 9 July 2011, roughly 491 miles (790 kilometers) of coastline in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida remained contaminated by BP oil, according to a NOAA spokesperson.[29] In October 2011, a NOAA report stated that dolphins and whales continue to die at twice the normal rate.[30] In April 2012, scientists reported finding alarming numbers of mutated crab, shrimp and fish they believe to be the result of chemicals released during the oil spill.[31] Tar balls continue to wash up along the Gulf coast two years after the spill began. Studies show the tar balls contain the deadly bacteria Vibrio vulnificus[32][33] In April 2012, oil was found dotting 200 miles of Louisiana's coast.[34]
In January 2011 the White House oil spill commission released its final report on the causes of the oil spill. They blamed BP and its partners for making a series of cost-cutting decisions and the lack of a system to ensure well safety. They also concluded that the spill was not an isolated incident caused by "rogue industry or government officials", but that "The root causes are systemic and, absent significant reform in both industry practices and government policies, might well recur".[35] After its own internal probe, BP admitted that it made mistakes which led to the Gulf of Mexico oil spill.[36] In June 2010 BP set up a $20 billion fund to compensate victims of the oil spill. To July 2011, the fund has paid $4.7 billion to 198,475 claimants. In all, the fund has nearly 1 million claims and continues to receive thousands of claims each week.[37]
In September 2011, the U.S. government published its final investigative report on the accident.[38] In essence, that report states that the main cause was the defective cement job, and put most of the fault for the oil spill with BP, also faulting Deepwater Horizon operatorTransocean and contractor Halliburton.[39][40] Investigations continue, with U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder stating on April 24, 2012, "The Deepwater Horizon Task Force is continuing its investigation into the explosion and will hold accountable those who violated the law in connection with the largest environmental disaster in US history". The first arrest related to the spill was in April 2012; an engineer was charged with obstruction of justice for allegedly deleting 300 text messages showing BP knew the flow rate was three times higher than initial claims by the company, and knew that Top Kill was unlikely to succeed, but claimed otherwise.
See continued text extensive information on site at Wikipedia link below:Deepwater Horizon oil spill
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Deepwater Horizon oil spill | |
|---|---|
 The oil slick as seen from space by NASA'sTerra satellite on May 24, 2010 | |
| Location | Gulf of Mexico near Mississippi River Delta, United States |
| Coordinates | 28°44′12.01″N88°23′13.78″WCoordinates: 28°44′12.01″N 88°23′13.78″W[1] |
| Date | Spill date: 20 April – 15 July 2010 Well officially sealed: 19 September 2010 |
| Cause | |
| Cause | Wellhead blowout |
| Casualties | 11 dead |
| Operator | Transocean under contract forBP[2] |
| Spill characteristics | |
| Volume | up to 4.9 million barrels (210,000,000 US gallons; 780,000 cubic meters)[3] |
| Area | 2,500 to 68,000 sq mi (6,500 to 180,000 km²)[4] |
FEATURE PRESENTATION- Video Lineup
********************************
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4d0gCEin1y0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCWW5xt3Hc8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrO87PQKTx0
Uploaded by NewCollegeofFL on Dec 21, 2011
Deep Water Horizon: What happened, why, and where do we do from from here? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLryEIWJM6M
Frank Alcock, Associate Professor, Political Science, http://ncf.edu/Frank-Alcock
New College of Florida
See
Deep Water TWO:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLryEIWJM6M
Frank Alcock, Associate Professor, Political Science, http://ncf.edu/Frank-Alcock
New College of Florida
See
Deep Water TWO:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLryEIWJM6M
Uploaded by StanfordUniversity on Nov 22, 2010
November 16, 2010 - Roland Horne begins the first of a series of two lectures with an overview of what led to the explosion on the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig on April 20, 2010, and the subsequent oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry.
Roland Horne is the Thomas Davies Barrow Professor in the Department of Energy Resources Engineering in the School of Earth Sciences.
Stanford University:
http://www.stanford.edu/
School of Earth Sciences:
http://www.earthsci.stanford.edu/
Center For Ocean Solutions:
http://www.centerforoceansolutions.org/
Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford:
http://woods.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/index.php
Precourt Institute for Energy at Stanford:
http://pie.stanford.edu/
Stanford University Channel on YouTube:
http://www.youtube.com/stanford
Roland Horne is the Thomas Davies Barrow Professor in the Department of Energy Resources Engineering in the School of Earth Sciences.
Stanford University:
http://www.stanford.edu/
School of Earth Sciences:
http://www.earthsci.stanford.edu/
Center For Ocean Solutions:
http://www.centerforoceansolutions.org/
Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford:
http://woods.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/index.php
Precourt Institute for Energy at Stanford:
http://pie.stanford.edu/
Stanford University Channel on YouTube:
http://www.youtube.com/stanford
Category:
Timeline of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill
[edit]April
- April 1 – Halliburton employee Marvin Volek warns that BP's use of cement "was against our best practices."[10]
- April 6 – MMS issues permit to BP for the well with the notation, "Exercise caution while drilling due to indications of shallow gas and possible water flow."[17]
- April 9 – BP drills last section with the wellbore 18,360 feet (5,600 m) below sea level but the last 1,192 feet (363 m) need casing. Halliburton recommends liner/tieback casing that will provide 4 redundant barriers to flow. BP chooses to do a single liner with fewer barriers that is faster to install and cheaper ($7 to $10 million).[11]
- April 14 – Brian Morel, a BP drilling engineer, emails a colleague "this has been a nightmare well which has everyone all over the place."[11]
- April 15 – Morel informs Halliburton executive Jesse Gagliano that they plan to use 6 centralizers. Gagliano says they should use 21. Morel replies in an email, "it's too late to get any more product on the rig, our only option is to rearrange placement of these centralizers." Gagliano also recommends to circulate the drilling mud from the bottom of the well all the way up to the surface to remove air pockets and debris which can contaminate the cement, saying in an email, "at least circulate one bottoms up on the well before doing a cement job." Despite this recommendation, BP cycles only 261 barrels (41.5 m3) of mud, a fraction of the total mud used in the well.[11]
- April 15 – MMS approves amended permit for BP to use a single liner with fewer barriers.[11]
- April 16 – Brett Cocales, BP's Operations Drilling Engineer, emails Morel confirming the 6 centralizer approach.
- April 17 – Deepwater Horizon completes its drilling and the well is being prepared to be cemented so that another rig will retrieve the oil. The blowout preventer is tested and found to be "functional."[18] Gagliano now reports that using only 6 centralizers "would likely produce channeling and a failure of the cement job."[11]
- April 18 – Gagliano's report says "well is considered to have a severe gas flow problem." Schlumberger flies a crew to conduct acement bond log to determine whether the cement has bonded to the casing and surrounding formations. It is required in rules.[10][11]
- April 19 – Halliburton completes cementing of the final production casing string.[19]
- April 20 –
- 7 am – BP cancels a recommended cement bond log test. Conducting the test would have taken 9–12 hours and $128,000. By canceling the cement test BP paid only $10,000. Crew leaves on 11:15 am flight.[11] BP officials gather on the platform to celebrate seven years without an injury on the rig.[20] The planned moving of the Deepwater Horizon to another location was 43 days past due and the delay had cost BP $21 million.[21]
- April 20, 2010 21:49 (CDT), Block 252, Mississippi Canyon Andrea Fleyras had been monitoring the dynamic positioning system on the bridge of the Horizon when she felt a jolt. Before she could make sense of it – a rig shaking shock that came out of nowhere – magenta warnings began flashing on her screen. Magenta meant the most dangerous level of combustible gas intrusion.[22]
- April 21 Coast Guard rear admiral Mary Landry named Federal On Scene Coordinator.[24] Coast Guard log reports “Potential environmental threat is 700,000 gallons of diesel on board the Deepwater Horizon and estimated potential of 8,000 barrels per day of crude oil, if the well were to completely blowout. Most of the current pollution has been mitigated by the fire. There is some surfacesheening extending up to 2 miles from the source.” The log also reports that two attempts to shut the BOP using an ROV have failed.[25][26]
- April 22 10:21 am – Rig sinks.[27] CNN quote Coast Guard Petty Officer Ashley Butler as saying that "oil was leaking from the rig at the rate of about 8,000 barrels (340,000 US gallons; 1,300 cubic metres) of crude per day."[28] 100,000 US gallons (380,000 litres) of dispersants are pre-authorized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and placed in position even though there is no sign of a leak.[24] Three Norwegian crews from Ocean Intervention III from Oceaneering International, Skandi Neptunefrom DOF ASA, and Boa Sub C (from Boa International) begin using remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROV) to map the seabed and assess the damage to the wreck. The crews report "large amounts of oil that flowed out."[29]
- April 23 – Coast Guard rear adm. Mary Landry tells CBS "At this time, there is no crude emanating from that wellhead at the ocean surface, er, at the ocean floor...There is not oil emanating from the riser either."[30][31] Unified Command begins operating out of theRoyal Dutch Shell Training and Conference Center in Robert, Louisiana. Search and rescue suspended at 5 pm. Eleven of the 126 people on the rig have perished.[24] Coast Guard log reports, “BP will establish an ICP at Houma, Louisiana today to monitor the response and prepare for potential release estimated potential of 64,000- 110,000 bbls (2 ,688,000- 4,620,000 gal) per day of crude oil if the well were to completely blowout.”[25][26]
- April 24 – In accordance with the existing in situ burn plans, the OSC determined in situ burning was a viable response method for several reasons. First, weather and sea-state did not allow continuous skimming and alternatives were needed. Second, skimmers and dispersants could not completely remove the oil being released from the well. Finally, the OSC determined in situ burning (ISB) was a safe and effective way to remove large volumes of oil from the ocean surface, based on data for in situ burns from previous spills.
BP reports a leak 1,000 barrels (42,000 US gallons; 160 cubic metres) a day.[32] DeepWaterHorizonResponse.com domain registered for one year by PIER Systems in Bellingham, Washington[33] to be used by the United States Coast Guard and other reporting agencies.[34] Price of a barrel of oil (West Texas Intermediate – Cushing, Oklahoma) $84.34[35]
- April 25 – Oil sheen seen covering 580 square miles (1,500 km2) and is 70 miles (110 km) south of Mississippi and Alabama coastlines and was 31 miles (50 km) from the ecologically sensitive Chandeleur Islands. BP begins process to establish two relief wells.[24]
- April 26 – Oil reported 36 miles (58 km) southeast of Louisiana. Booms set up to keep oil from washing ashore.[36] A huge containment chamber is moved to Superior Energy Services subsidiary Wild Well Control in Port Fourchon, Louisiana.[37] BP closing stock price 57.91[38] Coast Guard log reports “attempts to actuate the blow preventer (BOP) middle rams and blind shears were ineffective due to a hydraulic leak on the valve. Repairs are being worked overnight. The well head continues to discharge approximately 1,000 barrels/day.[26]
- April 27 – Slick grows to 100 miles (160 km) across and 20 miles (32 km) from Louisiana coast.
- April 28, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimated that the leak was likely 5,000 barrels (210,000 US gallons; 790 cubic metres) a day, five times larger than initially estimated by BP.[39][40] BP announces controlled test to burn oil off the surface was successful. Oil is 20 miles (32 km) east of the mouth of the Mississippi River. MMS postpones 2010 Offshore Industry Safety Awards scheduled to be May 3.[41]
- April 29 – Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal declares a state of emergency. 100,000 feet (30 km) of containment booms were deployed along the coast.[42] By the next day, this nearly doubled to 180,000 feet (55 km) of deployed booms, with an additional 300,000 feet (91 km) staged or being deployed.[43] Rush Limbaugh noting that explosion occurred the day before Earth Day tells his listeners that it's possible the rig could have been sabotage to encourage favorable votes for the carbon tax bill and cap and tradebills. "What better way to head off more oil drilling, nuclear plants, than by blowing up a rig? I'm just noting the timing here."[44]
- April 30 – Oil washes ashore at Venice, Louisiana. President Barack Obama halts new offshore drilling unless safeguards are in place. – Coast Guard issues subpoena to Transocean "to maintain the blowout preventer and to not allow anyone or anything to tamper with it" without the Guard's permission.[45] EPA establishes its website epa.gov/bpspill for its response.[34] Sanford Bernstein estimates capping the leaks and cleaning up the spill may cost $12.5 billion.[46] Innocentive launches a website asking people to submit their solutions to the crisis by June 30.[47][48] On April 30, the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce asked Halliburton to brief it as well as provide any documents it might have related to its work on the Macondo well.[49]
[edit]May
Main article: Timeline of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (May 2010)
- May 2 – Obama meets with fishermen and Coast Guard in Venice, Louisiana. Oil discovered in the South Pass.[50] Transocean'sDevelopment Driller III starts drilling a first relief well.
- May 3 – Shares of Nalco Holding Company jump 18% in one day after it is revealed that its dispersant products are being used for the cleanup.[51]
- May 5 – BP announces that the smallest of three known leaks had been capped allowing the repair group to focus their efforts on the remaining leaks.[52]
- May 6 – Oil sheen discovered in south end of Chandeleur Chain.[50]
- May 7 – A 125-tonne (280,000 lb) container dome is lowered over the largest of the well leaks and pipe the oil to a storage vessel on the surface.[53]
- May 9 – Tar balls reported on Dauphin Island in Alabama.
- May 10 – After failed containment dome BP announces plans to apply five feet in diameter containment vessel nicknamed "top hat".[54] BP announces strategy of trying to push mud and debris down the tube to clog it. The strategy is nicknamed "junk shot."
- May 11 – BP, Transocean and Halliburton officials testify before Congress blaming each other for the incident.[55] MMS and Coast Guard Joint Investigation Team chaired by USCG Capt. Hung Nguyen and MMS employee David Dykes begin a Joint Marine Board of Investigation into the accident holding the first hearings at the Crowne Plaza Hotel in Kenner, Louisiana where they interview survivors.[56]
- May 12 – BP releases first public video of leak and others say the leak is significantly higher than what BP has been saying.[57] One estimate says it could to be 20,000–100,000 barrels (840,000–4,200,000 US gallons; 3,200–16,000 cubic metres) a day.[57][58]
- May 13 – Tony Hayward calls the oil spill "relatively tiny" in comparison with the size of the "ocean."[59] Transocean files in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas to limit its liability under the Limitation of Shipowner's Liability Act to just its interest in the Deepwater Horizon which it values at $26,764,083.[60]
- May 14 – BP inserts 4-inch (100 mm) wide riser into the 21-inch-wide burst pipe. It is initially dislodged when an underwater robot collides with the pipe.[38]
- May 15 – Coast Guard and EPA authorize use dispersants underwater, at the source of the Deepwater Horizon leak.[61]
- May 16 – GSF Development Driller II starts drilling second relief well.
- May 17 – BP begins burning off gas with the Discoverer Enterprise.[50] BP says it will release a live feed of the leak hours after receiving a request from Congressman Edward Markey. Supporting his position is Steve Wereley from Purdue University who says the leak may be 70,000 barrels (2,900,000 US gallons; 11,000,000 litres) a day.[62]
Chris Oynes, offshore drilling director for the MMS, announces a hurried retirement.
- May 19 – Oil washes ashore on mainland Louisiana.[50]
- May 21 – BP begins live underwater video broadcasts of the leak.[63] Flow Rate Technical Group established for "scientifically validated information about the amount of oil flowing from BP s leaking oil well."[24] The average daily oil collection rates is 2,000 barrels (84,000 US gallons; 320,000 litres) a day.[64][65]
- May 22 – Obama signs an executive order establishing the bipartisan National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling[66][67]
- May 23 – BP rebuffs EPA order to change its dispersants. BP says that if oil reaches the shore, it would do more environmental harm than if it were dispersed off the coast. It notes that Corexit is the only product that is available in sufficient quantities to deal with the spill.[68][69]
- May 24 – BP says it currently has no plans to use explosives on the well. It also flatly denies it ever considered using a nuclear bomb on the well as some suggested.[70]
- May 26 – BP announces plan to force feed heavy drilling mud in a project called "top kill".[71] Doug Brown, the chief mechanic on theDeepwater Horizon, testifies at the joint U.S. Coast Guard and Minerals Management Service hearing that a BP representative overruled Transocean employees and insisted on displacing protective drilling mud with seawater just hours before the explosion.[72]
- May 27 – Obama announces a six-month moratorium on new deepwater oil drilling permits in 500 feet (150 m) of water or more.[73][74] Based on the oil flow estimates by the Flow Rate Technical Group, the United States government increased its estimate at 12,000 to 19,000 barrels (500,000 to 800,000 US gallons; 1,900,000 to 3,000,000 litres) per day.[75][76][77][78] Elizabeth Birnbaumresigns from MMS.[10][79][80]
- May 28 – Obama visits Louisiana again.[50]
- May 29 – BP declares Top Kill is a failure and moves on to their next contingency option, the Lower Marine Riser Package (LMRP) Cap Containment System.[81][82][83][84][85]
- May 31 – BP announces plan to slice the leaking pipe, placing a cap on it and channeling the oil to surface ships.[50]
[edit]June
Main article: Timeline of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (June 2010)
- June 1 – Oil began washing up on the beaches of Gulf Islands National Seashore.[86]
- June 4 – Tar balls arrive on beaches in Pensacola, Florida.[87]
- June 5 – Obama makes third trip to Louisiana since the disaster began visits Grand Isle, Louisiana for the second time in two weeks.[88]
- June 6 – BP abandons plans to close three remaining vents on the containment cap noting that with one vent it is capturing as much oil as it can handle.[89]
- June 8 – BP releases the requested high resolution images of the leak.[90]
- June 9 – BP's chief operating officer Doug Suttles says the undewater plume is "in very minute quantities."[91]
- June 11 – Flow Rate Technical Group says the leak could be 20,000 to 40,000 barrels (840,000 to 1,700,000 US gallons; 3,200,000 to 6,400,000 litres) of oil a day.[92]
- June 15 – Obama in the first speech from the Oval Office of his Presidency focuses on the spill.[93]
- June 16 – Obama meets with Svanberg, Hayward, McKay. BP agrees to fund a $20 billion escrow account administered by Kenneth Feinberg.[94]
- June 17 – Hayward addresses the United States House Energy Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations.
- June 22 – Martin Leach-Cross Feldman of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana issues restraining order in Hornbeck Offshore Services LLC v. Salazar against the 6-month moratorium on drilling in the Gulf waters of 500 feet (150 m) or more.[95]
- June 23 – Oil appeared on Pensacola Beach and in Gulf Islands National Seashore, and officials warned against swimming for 33 miles (53 km) east of the Alabama line.[96][97]
- June 25 – Hurricane Alex (2010) causes relief rigs to disconnect and let the oil spill unchecked into the ocean.[98]
SEE REMAINING TEXT AT ABOVE LINK TO WIKIPEDIA SITE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zE_uHq36DLU
Uploaded by BPplc on Sep 8, 2010
BP has published its internal investigation into the accident on the Deepwater Horizon rig in the Gulf of Mexico on 20 April 2010. The investigation found that no single factor caused the Macondo well tragedy. Rather, a sequence of failures involving a number of different parties led to the explosion and fire which killed 11 people and caused widespread pollution in the Gulf of Mexico earlier this year. Read the full report and more at http://bit.ly/BP_Report
Uploaded by XxMatthiasPLxX on May 30, 2010
This is the full video of the Rig explosion
**News**
BP started the "top kill" operations to stop the flow of oil from the MC252 well in the Gulf of Mexico at 1300 CDT on May 26, 2010. Despite successfully pumping a total of over 30,000 barrels of heavy mud, in three attempts at rates of up to 80 barrels a minute, and deploying a wide range of different bridging materials, the operation did not overcome the flow from the well.
**News**
BP started the "top kill" operations to stop the flow of oil from the MC252 well in the Gulf of Mexico at 1300 CDT on May 26, 2010. Despite successfully pumping a total of over 30,000 barrels of heavy mud, in three attempts at rates of up to 80 barrels a minute, and deploying a wide range of different bridging materials, the operation did not overcome the flow from the well.
.....this is brendasue signing off from Rainbow Creek. See You next time.
Please help me with strong mental determination this can NEVER HAPPEN AGAIN. GIVE UP THE OIL.
With seven billion creative minds out there, somebody please create a better way.
Put your brains to work to solve the problems of humanity.
Of course, one more great performance
Life is so Special
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Deepwater_Horizon_offshore_drilling_unit_on_fire_2010.jpg
Summary
| Description |
English: Platform supply vessels battle the blazing remnants of the off shore oil rig Deepwater Horizon. A Coast Guard MH-65C dolphin rescue helicopter and crew document the fire aboard the mobile offshore drilling unit Deepwater Horizon, while searching for survivors. Multiple Coast Guard helicopters, planes and cutters responded to rescue the Deepwater Horizon's 126 person crew.
Français : Les restes en feu de la plateforme Deepwater Horizon.
|
| Date | 20 April 2010 |
| Source | US Coast Guard - 100421-G-XXXXL- Deepwater Horizon fire (Direct link) |
| Author | Unknown |
[edit]Licensing
 | This image or file is a work of a United States Coast Guard service personnel or employee, taken or made during the course of that person's official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image or file is in the public domain (17 U.S.C. § 101 and § 105, USCG main privacy policy and specific privacy policy for its imagery server). |  |
http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&newwindow=1&sa=X&biw=1027&bih=629&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=Havlk2cfAhWcMM:&imgrefurl=http://www.bigearth.com/location/loons-and-the-gulf-of-mexico-oil-spill/&docid=8-4I05NkV_A-qM&imgurl=http://www.bigearth.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/gulf-of-mexico-oil-spill-animals-covered-in-oil-gallery.jpg&w=450&h=297&ei=16FnULrvMuW_2QXlpoDQBg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=319&vpy=305&dur=128&hovh=182&hovw=276&tx=165&ty=122&sig=105036134252299360093&page=2&tbnh=135&tbnw=191&start=15&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:15,i:132
O+O
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